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Chlorine DioxideChlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a highly effective, eco-friendly micro biocide that carries US EPA, FDA and UK Government approvals for many of its uses. Chlorine dioxide is a selective oxidant that eliminates both planktonic and sessile bacteria, disinfects surfaces, and rapidly destroys biofilms. ClO2 is a stable, dissolved gas that is a strong bactericide and virucide at concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm. With minimal contact time, it is highly effective against many pathogenic organisms including Legionella, Listeria, Salmonella, amoebal cysts, Giardia cysts, E. Coli, and Cryptosporidium. Importantly, CIO2 also destroys biofilms so bacterial regrowth is significantly impeded. CIO2 is highly effective when used to control:
CIO2 has long been recognised as a very effective biocide and sterilising agent for both large and small scale industrial and commercial applications. It is approved and recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) as an environmentally friendly drinking water additive to replace chlorine (which is known to form carcinogenic by-products). The criteria for disinfection, as defined by the US EPA, are as follows:
CIO2 meets these criteria and is now used extensively across the US, UK and Europe. In the UK, the Building Services Research and Information Association (BSRIA) has recommended CIO2 as the best available technology for the control of legionella in hot and cold water systems. CIO2 - highly effective disinfectant Microbial infection is responsible for thousands of deaths and many more illnesses across the world each year. Frequent outbreaks of disease have been linked to food handling and processing (Listeria, Salmonella, Shigella, and E. Coli), drinking water (Giardia, Cryptosporidium) and hotels, cruise ships, hospitals and office buildings (Legionella). The incidence of Legionellosis is frequently misdiagnosed as common pneumonia. This under-reporting of Legionella has recently come to light as more and more international health organisations recognise the need for control plans against this potentially deadly disease. CIO2 is shown to be an effective disinfectant at residual concentrations between 0.2 and 0.8 ppm. CIO2 acts to penetrate the cell wall of microorganisms and disrupts metabolic function. This is more efficient than other oxidisers that just "burn" the surface of whatever they come in contact with. This allows for lower effective concentrations of ClO2 to be used when compared to other oxidiser products. CIO2, like ozone, is a dissolved gas that penetrates biofilm by molecular diffusion. However, unlike ozone, CIO2 is stable and soluble, allowing it to travel to the base of the film where it attacks microorganisms and destroys the biofilm at its point of attachment. Other oxidisers react mostly on the surface of the biofilm to form an oxidised layer, like charring on wood. This precludes further penetration. No other biocide has proved to control biofilm better than CIO2. CIO2 - effective over a wide pH range Because CIO2 is a dissolved gas, it does not ionise to form weak acids (as chlorine and bromine do) in aqueous solutions. This allows CIO2 to be effective over a wide pH range. For example, the pH dependent speciation of chlorine produces hypochlorite ion and hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Hypochlorite is only 1/30 to 1/200 as effective as HOCl. CIO2 being a neutral species with rapid disinfection kinetics, is 100% available for disinfection in hard or soft water. ClO2 - superior to chlorine and bromine Chlorine and bromine react rapidly with microbiological species and chemicals in water. This reactivity is both their strength and weakness. Rapid reaction with microbiological species means a quick and effective kill; rapid reaction with chemicals such as scale and corrosion inhibitors in cooling towers means consumption of the product for other than microbiological control. Since chemical reactions are usually the first to take place, only the small residual of the product remaining after the chemical reaction is completed is available for microbiological control. Chlorine and bromine have other limitations in addition to low residual "killing power". They exhibit poor biofilm control. They do not retain their biocidal efficiency over wide pH ranges. They are also relatively unstable. Chlorine has the potential to damage the environment and create health hazards when it combines with naturally occurring organic materials such as organic acids from leaves, to form trihalomethanes (THMs) which are suspected carcinogens. When chlorine and bromine react with chemicals such as ammonia, nitrogen, and corrosion and scale inhibitors in cooling tower water they form objectionable by-products while reducing their effectivity (HAAs). Summary CIO2 is a very safe and potent biocide. It is effective over a wide pH range in both hard and soft water and does not react with most other water treatment chemicals. Many of its uses are US and UK Government approved and highly recommended by many researchers. SafeOx generators are manufactured to the highest quality standards and represent one of the safest, most reliable and cost effective ways of generating CIO2 at the point of use. They are suitable for a range of applications including, healthcare and hospital facilities, food and beverage processing, ultrapure water treatment, legionella control, cooling towers and loops, water hygiene, potable water treatment, waste-water treatment, residential, commercial and industrial facilities. For more information please call us on + (44) 161 877 2334 or e-mail info@safeox.com.
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©2008 SafeOx - Chlorine Dioxide